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, W* \7 V) L9 _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, ; b- x# P: [ c/ M V' J$ _
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, " L& |) W, g+ y; n0 I) T9 U, yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- j, V& j0 j9 {" s' {, L. M t
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, / q2 _% W3 w0 T$ Y5 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,! T+ a: `* E9 o# X4 G) t) p# N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 F/ P: c8 w/ D. E2 [" {"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 9 Z2 s+ f8 {$ i# Q
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, * ^+ [5 e& M' g; e9 k1 Z3 f4 W$ |3 S宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 6 J( ~. _& @0 J4 y4 y5 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% Z" A* W5 E9 B; V: h"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,. `& t% `9 U5 m
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 8 B2 C, G* [, `' j" O6 r1 P宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, # }. l- O+ r9 {, r& _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. x6 M8 i# z2 s5 v% o Q7 \4 k
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, G8 }: F$ Y: q" ^2 R( o9 r, r& a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, " f5 ?2 a, U: b0 k* X. ~
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 & e! Y8 |$ r, n, b F
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& V2 G) w. S3 G- z/ j5 _9 t% E4 i' h! D宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 k) L+ X; U9 U6 _& e"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构 & _& o+ R) U0 h2 \7 {5 ?
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, ! W. \' R: z2 N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 0 B; D3 e9 S- l0 R2 v3 @5 `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” 8 c7 J( H2 C7 P0 X: L. h% c, L宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ . K# x% R* ? B5 m0 j/ j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” $ ~ l+ [4 g9 X. x0 t; F6 u
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, T! o0 ]' u, m7 S7 z+ z! Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 n5 J; g) }, r0 A B! c"Times New Roman"">前者为因, ; c" V6 _; R ^4 r" r; b: ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 4 F3 R- g; _2 ?9 y( H j3 \9 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
+ b, O4 @' P2 A"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,- S/ j) L5 |+ z1 g
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, 4 [* c; X6 G) x. s$ }9 n- P' B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, & |- K7 C) N$ |' O, }/ K2 @2 Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ o* c5 I' d% u5 W" x; J"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 2 ~1 F3 O2 X$ Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: ( b; `+ _6 L* d9 z5 g* mfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" I9 e# v# n* o"Times New Roman"">“ 6 r9 s1 a* B) Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 9 F% I3 N" g" `" R% U' S
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” * k: t! {4 @1 P: L" A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 3 t! T: Z) i8 P: F) u) hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 Z) d0 x, D7 ~9 q- z
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:0 D- D+ d- \ V6 W% P2 ]
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 " k$ }7 V( t8 g" v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, 8 S& S# m8 m4 H! h# L0 Ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 c0 e) Y0 R6 j0 n9 Y2 m: i0 O"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,: D+ o% T B# B4 n- y, R, g$ W6 y
$ X4 E- x2 U: ^) t5 Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, $ G+ r. s# S$ Y8 C
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% ~7 W D) Q! h; r2 t"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, $ Z7 {! \/ E1 F7 t7 u7 i/ b; Tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 4 G- ]* v" c+ \; q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里' u7 D: a# V& ^; ?
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 8 b2 J3 @) h' x+ s2 smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(. |; \3 H" f$ ?2 x5 M1 W宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; G7 u3 s. E8 {% yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& h) m2 Z" a! n7 q3 V% n, a"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用9 ]+ C* t7 o2 b% p0 H+ ?12.0pt">, $ h# q2 \7 j+ D+ E, ^: ?4 k8 p"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ! T9 t* R6 I! r5 i0 @: ^& x
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"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 7 B& C0 t2 _* u- A1 g4 U9 f4 ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!# e0 }, Y0 O4 u) k5 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, , b# S4 C; X3 g& ? I, Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:) a# C2 b, v: i4 M9 c: g
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: / u" f) s. h% v% a9 tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, , T$ Z4 {: S% s# k# B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, " R4 X) n" Z" ?: wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ _: _' f: t. g' E S0 |
"Times New Roman"">“ - R, N, F& l' X- I
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
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* v" c. }8 q0 e/ O1 m Y+ }' t1 P2 q2 Z! U% @6 P4 a# jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, + k! g; B: [" v* E) K! z+ u$ v
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"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, ; r7 F( ^- f% d9 C M4 x2 t( A
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, 3 v1 |/ u4 z& U/ {, m- {1 m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 3 H `3 N/ Z- C) ]" s( O7 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:' \1 s7 X8 ~5 Y* o) @
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ + V- e+ j% t; E$ d# w5 w( xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ) q. X' Y; `. m+ U2 J5 ` y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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2 f% f2 b5 I M9 J H G"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 , {6 Y% S+ c! w) M
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, ; G0 h* U! M% ]; q: w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 5 G' ~$ J9 x- Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
0 |0 f- N/ F L _1 c4 h$ s w"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
( A$ h2 `- ?# Q3 _* ]- U+ V; O( g6 N, f. p w- q, C6 O: n* @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, . e* ~) s a! u8 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 w4 T0 }# {4 y2 X* `* Y; M
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,4 T* D7 p' }; M9 ^( h% N宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, ! L/ y; Z. v" V* L* v* F
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题0 \4 [ [/ S$ e; h5 K' G
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: . \, ]. b+ s1 L# h$ K9 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
) Z3 W- H! T+ A* @: Y0 u! ~1 X" N2 J5 G"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才& y4 z& v8 w& M5 K12.0pt">, 7 j: N4 x: }/ j5 ~8 F/ }
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 8 N" O l9 s) Z Y8 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 C* T# C( e, [! g w
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; ; ?* R& Z( l* |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 5 P1 _! @) p, Y. ^+ P; U
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 8 V: a" W& g7 _. c! d' Q3 e) r
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题: K/ ?$ l, c1 I& q O12.0pt">; 3 K& J$ Y/ j. j1 P; S
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 5 Q" S6 v" y9 A& E8 z8 ?5 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" D2 F) M$ b$ b- I2 c# O; @"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求9 f- t/ b' N$ j
12.0pt">: / k" Q. u4 o* m( [; D$ d& T"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; , Z+ z9 |- b6 Y4 ~+ b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, U+ D7 k7 X; e! Q$ `* `& L"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, , H6 G/ G6 W$ v/ j. t% Z. [$ Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, . v" m& |- X2 K! s; d; J r5 p
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
1 J/ S8 W+ L: D& ~ t& j1 p* ["Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统& g. I$ y& m7 D: ?# P1 u12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ 4 Z8 K" T8 U- l( r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 8 k; e) w$ i& s7 C' \- h9 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> # }- ]1 f* ?; i; R/ D
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; L. B* j ?( J' d"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 # c7 [5 Y# \+ E, k* |4 w0 \! j
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, ( v$ \3 l" ], X: v! m* l! C
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"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, 2 U4 u4 ~/ u6 A# ?! j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, & D/ \- V5 n( }7 d2 r, e* @" r
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"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
7 Z8 _ ~% z/ S. K& a; M G/ C1 A \3 @; y; A. g& Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, $ y& e! f' t% S% b* S! W" Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ ]% y) @" _+ R9 Z. g' l" x* t* p
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 6 [! @2 N* `* B; i# ~+ P, vmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, # F* K- u8 k, y
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 9 p" g6 G" w$ t3 i' ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 u7 Q. f/ ]+ ?5 g$ e5 N# k
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 3 \# @% e& Q: y$ g0 t8 ^% tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 1 J+ t/ a! ]7 \7 c" Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; `$ K- X+ p0 Q$ l/ {, x"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, & b4 \, _: @# [% w1 S( P宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,/ s( l0 e4 t4 S8 D) x9 T$ i3 Z' n/ y
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 B) i# K" S5 D3 D7 ]( R
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定7 w+ \2 O) [; R
12.0pt">, 2 |) a* t$ E3 u8 ]: z& g5 B$ s"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, ( |* m0 q' B0 J' w) P+ ` i7 G4 U
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- g9 i- ~3 h$ Z n7 R
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:" I! q6 e2 k- A+ h/ ~9 e
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, 9 k; h5 @& z4 @8 _9 D2 i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, 1 d6 I0 l% V9 w- z. q8 ^9 B A D2 k# F8 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* l, h( v. O9 w2 _8 m
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, . v. L& _+ i& @7 K; c8 F1 ]9 r5 ^. J
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, . q& b M9 R# ^
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 1 P. [3 z) |$ h8 ~9 E; A宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 7 g- s7 v& |7 K0 l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, % M4 V7 _' G$ b& H+ P7 D$ j2 Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:5 T$ C& ? z2 |4 K, u7 C6 Z3 H
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
